Bài giảng Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Relative clauses (Revision)

 that 
 3. __N (thing) __________ V/ S+ V____ 
which/ that 
4. __N _______N + V/ S+ V____ 
whose 
 relative pronouns 
who 
 whom 
which 
whose 
 that 
S 
O 
S 
O 
V 
S + V 
S + V 
V 
N 
Possession 
NOTE : Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”: 
khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất (the most ..., the best,.... 
khi đi sau các từ: the only, the first, the last, the second ... 
khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật 
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định , đại từ phủ định , đại từ chỉ số lượng : 
no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none. 
Ex: 
1/ He was the most interesting person that I have ever met. 
2/ It was the first time that I heard of it. 
3/ These books are all that my sister left me. 
4/ She talked about the people and places that she had visited. 
Không dùng “That” khi có 
 dấu phẩy 
 giới từ 
WHY 
mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, f...uá khứ phân từ (V3/ed). 
Ví dụ: 
a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important. 
b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting. 
The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy. 
=>The students punished by the teacher are lazy. 
→ The instructions given on the front page are very important. 
→ The book bought by my mother is interesting. 
b/. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu: 
- Khi trước đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc nhất, mục đích... 
 Ví dụ 
a/ John was the last person that got the news. 
→ John was the last person to get the news. 
b/ He was the second man who was killed in this way. 
→   He was the second man to be killed in this way. 
Armstrong was the first man who flew into space . 
=> Armstrong was the first man to fly into space. 
Động từ là have/ has /had 
I  have  many homework  that  I  must   do .  
  I  have  many homework  to do . 
- Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm "for sb" trước "to inf". 
Ví dụ: 
We have some picture books  that  children can read. 
 We have some picture books  for  children  to read . 
c/ MĐQH được rút gọn thành cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ) 
Football,  which is  a popular sport, is very good for health. 
 Football, a popular sport , is very good for health. 
We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN. 
 => We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN . 
3/ Some noticesMột số lưu ý trong mệnh đề quan hệ  
 Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which .) 
Ex: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year. 
→ Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher. 
→ Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher. 
Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước. 
Ex: She can’t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad. 
→ She can’... to be interviewed was John . 
 A B C D 
9. The meeting to I went was interesting . 
 A B C D 
which 
who 
who 
that 
that 
which 
whose 
which 
which 
that 
that 
which 
who 
that 
ø 
what 
whom 
which 
Writing 
I saw the people, the cattle, and the carts. They went into market. A . I saw the people, the cattle, and the carts, that went into market.B. I saw the people, the cattle, and the carts who went into market.C. I saw the people, the cattle, and the carts that went into market.D. I saw the people, the cattle, and the carts which went into market. 
2. This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it. A. This is the bank from which we borrowed the money 
	B. This is the bank which we borrowed the money from it 
	C. This is the bank where we borrowed the money from 
	D. This is the bank from that we borrowed the money 
3 . I lent you a book. The book was written by one my friends. A. I lent you which a book was written by one my friends.B. I lent you a book which the book was written by one my friends.C. I lent you a book. That was written by one my friends.D. I lent you a book written by one my friends. 
4. Do you know a restaurant? We can have a good meal there. A. Do you know a restaurant? where we can have a good meal .B. Do you know a restaurant? We can have a good meal there.C. Do you know a restaurant where we can have a good meal there?D. Do you know a restaurant where we can have a good meal? 
5. I don’t remember the day. I left school on that day. 
	 A. I don’t remember the day when I left school on that day 
	B. I don’t remember the day when I left school 
	C. I don’t remember the day which I left school on that day 
	D. I don’t remember the day on that I left school 
B 
D 
D 
A 
C 
3. Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defining relative clauses) : 
Mệnh đề không xác định là mệnh đề không nhất 
thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó câu vẫn đủ 
nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác 
đị