Ngữ pháp trọng tâm học kì II Tiếng Anh Lớp 8

	 Don’t /doesn’t	Didn’t
 Will Would
	 Can	 Could
 Must Had to
b. Thay đổi đại từ : Phụ thuộc vào chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính
 I He /she
 We They
 He /She /they He /She /They 
1-§æi ng«i:
-Ng«i thø nhÊt: I, me, my, mine, myself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves ®­îc ®æi theo ng«i cña chñ ng÷ ë mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt.
 Tom said, “I like reading books”. 
--> Tom said he liked reading books. 
-Ng«i thø 2: you, yours, your, yourself, yourselves ®­îc ®æi theo ng«i cña t©n ng÷ cña mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt.
 He said to me, “You can take my book”.
--> He said to me (that) I could take his book”.
Ng«i thø 2 ®­îc ®æi thµnh ng«i thø 3 nÕu mÖnh ®Ò t­êng thuËt kh«ng cã t©n ng÷.
 He said, “You can take my book”.
--> He said she could take his book”.
-Ng«i thø ba: he, him, his, himself, they, them, their, theirs, themselves gi÷ nguyªn
VD: Mai said, “They can’t finish their homework”.
--> Mai said they couldn’t finish their homework”.
3-§æi tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn:
Trùc tiÕp
G...-infinitive	 
Invitation(lời mời)
“ Would you like+ to- infinitive ”
He said to Hoa,” Would you mind to play tennis tonight?”
S+invited + O)+ To-infinitive	 
* C¸c d¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp chuyÓn sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp:
1-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u ph¸t biÓu:
*C¸ch chuyÓn:
-LÆp l¹i tõ said/ say.
-Bá ngoÆc kÐp, bá dÊu phÈy thay b»ng that.
-Thay ®æi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn, ng«i cho phï hîp víi nghÜa cña c©u (nÕu cã)
*C«ng thøc:
 Trùc tiÕp: S + said, “ Clause”
 	 -->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + said + (that) Clause (lïi th×) 
VD: Lan said: “I am a student”.
-->Lan said (that) she was a student.
2-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u cÇu khiÕn, c©u mÖnh lÖnh:
*C¸ch chuyÓn:
-§æi ®éng tõ say-->tell, said-->told, sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ vµo sau nã.
-Bá dÊu phÈy, dÊu ngoÆc kÐp, dÊu chÊm than, tõ please (nÕu cã).
-§æi ®¹i tõ nh©n x­ng, tÝnh tõ së h÷u, tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn (nÕu cÇn thiÕt)
*C«ng thøc:
+Kh¼ng ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “V”
 	-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V
 	VD: She said, “Close the books, please!”
 	-->She told the students to close the books.
+Phñ ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V”
 	-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V...
VD: She said, “Don’t sit down!”
-->She told me not to sit down
3-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u hái ®¶o (Yes/ No- questions)
*C¸ch chuyÓn:
-§æi said-->asked (hoÆc wanted to know/ wondered) sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ (nÕu cÇn thiÕt).
-Bá dÊu ngoÆc kÐp, dÊu phÈy vµ dÊu hái.
-§Æt If/ whether lªn tr­íc chñ ng÷ cña c©u gi¸n tiÕp +®éng tõ lïi th×.
-§æi ng«i, ®æi tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn(nÕu cÇn thiÕt).
*C«ng thøc: Trùc tiÕp: Do/ Does/ Did + S + V-nd...?
 	 -->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V-lïi th× 
VD: “Do you go to school?” he said.
 	-->He asked me whether/ if I went to school.
+D¹ng ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu:
 Trùc tiÕp: Can/ shall/ will+ S + V-nd.?
 	-->Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + could/ should/ would + V-nd
VD: Mary said to Na...(look!, listen!, be quiet)
at present = now
* Cho hành động đang xảy ra ở thời điểm đang nói.
- It (rain) is raining now.
- Lan (eat) is eating at preent
- Listen! She (sing) is singing
3. The Present
Perfect 
(HTHT) 
S + have/has + V3/Ved
S + have/has +not+ V3/V-ed
Have/Has +S + V3/V-ed?
for + khoảng t.gian
since + Mốc t.gian
never, ever, just = recently = lately, so far = up to now = up to the present= until now,already, yet,this is the first time ...., several times.
* Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong qk t.gian không xác định.
ex: She (visit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times. 
* Chỉ hành động bắt đầu ở qk mà còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại.
- We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years.
- My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday
- Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt.
4. The Simple Past
( Qk đơn)
S + V2/V-ed
S + did + NOT + bare-V
Did +S + bare- V?
- Yessterday, last (last week /month/ year...), ago, in + year(in 2000...)
* Diễn tả hành động xảy ra ở 1 thời gian xác định trong QK.
- She (meet) met him yesterday.
- Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last nigh
5. The Past Continuous (QKTD)
S + was/ were + V-ing
S +was/were+ not+V-ing
Was/ were + S + V-ing?
At 5 P.m/ at 5 o’clock + Thời gian trong QK, all day yesterday.
When, as, while.
* Chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra ở 1 thời điểm xác định trong QK
- At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home.
* Chỉ 2 hành động xảy ra song song ở QK
- My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV.
* Chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì có 1 hành động khác xảy đến
-When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident.
6. The S. future (TL đơn)
S + will/ shall + Vinf
S + will/shall + not +Vinf
Will/Shall + S +Vinf?
Tomorrow, next (next week/ month/ year...), someday,...
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong tương laii.
- Tomorrow he (visit ) will visit me.
- She (stay) will stay at home next Monday.
 Give the correct form of the verbs 
 We (have) a